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How do I use in Linux, Apple OS X systems and other UNIX grep command, you give me to show some simple examples?
grep command to search for text or from a given file search within a file line contains the given string or word. Generally speaking, grep to display matching lines. Use grep to search for the one or more regular expressions to match lines of text, and to show only the matching rows. grep is regarded as one of the most useful in Linux / Unix system commands.
do you know
grep the name comes from a Unix / Linux command similar operation in the old line editor ed performed:
g / re / p
The syntax of the grep command
The syntax is as follows:
grep 'word' filename
grep 'word' File 1 File 2 File 3
grep 'string 1 string 2' file name
cat a file | grep 'something'
command | grep 'something'
command options 1 | grep 'data'
grep --color 'data' file name
How to use grep to search for a file
boo user searches for / etc / passwd file under, enter:
$ Grep boo / etc / passwd
Output:
foo: x: 1000: 1000: foo ,,,: / home / foo: / bin / ksh
You can use grep to ignore case mandatory. For example, use the -i option to match boo, Boo, BOO and other combinations:
$ Grep -i "boo" / etc / passwd
Recursively grep
You can use grep recursively search. For example, search for all files that contain the string "192.168.1.5" in the file directory
$ Grep -r "192.168.1.5" / etc /
or:
$ Grep -R "192.168.1.5" / etc /
Sample output:
/ Etc / ppp / options: # ms-wins 192.168.1.50
/ Etc / ppp / options: # ms-wins 192.168.1.51
/ Etc / NetworkManager / system-connections / Wired connection 1: addresses1 = 192.168.1.5; 24; 192.168.1.2;
You will see the search results to 192.168.1.5 Each line prefix to find the matching file names (for example: / etc / ppp / options). Output file name being included may add -h option to disable the output:
$ Grep -h -R "192.168.1.5" / etc /
or
$ Grep -hR "192.168.1.5" / etc /
Sample output:
# Ms-wins 192.168.1.50
# Ms-wins 192.168.1.51
addresses1 = 192.168.1.5; 24; 192.168.1.2;
Use grep to search for text
When you search for boo when, grep command will match fooboo, boo123, barfoo35 and all other string contains boo, you can use the -w option to force output only those lines (LCTT Universe contains only the whole word: that the character both sides of the string is the English word delimiters, such as spaces, punctuation, and so on end, so that there is no hyphenation Chinese sign language does not apply.).
$ Grep -w "boo" file
Use the grep command to search two different words
Use egrep command is as follows:
$ Egrep -w 'word1 | word2' / path / to / file
(LCTT Annotation: here to use regular expressions, so use the egrep command, that extended grep command.)
Statistics text to match the number of rows
grep command to display each file to match the number of parameters by adding -c:
$ Grep -c 'word' / path / to / file
It was added to the match line before the line can pass the -n option to output the line number:
$ Grep -n 'root' / etc / passwd
Sample output:
1: root: x: 0: 0: root: / root: / bin / bash
1042: rootdoor: x: 0: 0: rootdoor: / home / rootdoor: / bin / csh
3319: initrootapp: x: 0: 0: initrootapp: / home / initroot: / bin / ksh
Invert the match (mismatch)
You can use the -v option to output the contents do not contain a match, the output includes only those that contain a given word line, for example, all the output line does not contain the word bar:
$ Grep -v bar / path / to / file
UNIX / Linux Pipeline and grep command
grep is often used in conjunction with the pipe, in this example, displays the name of the hard disk device:
# Dmesg | egrep '(s | h) d [a-z]'
Shows the CPU type:
# Cat / proc / cpuinfo | grep -i 'Model'
However, the above command can also use the following methods, do not use the pipe:
# Grep -i 'Model' / proc / cpuinfo
Sample output:
model: 30
model name: Intel (R) Core (TM) i7 CPU Q 820 @ 1.73GHz
model: 30
model name: Intel (R) Core (TM) i7 CPU Q 820 @ 1.73GHz
Only shows how to match the contents of a file name?
Use the -l option to display the file name of the file that contains the contents of main ():
$ Grep -l 'main' * .c
Finally, you can force grep to output color:
$ Grep --color vivek / etc / passwd |
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