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GRUB configuration parsing
Configuration files are saved in a separate division /boot/grub/grub.conf[/boot partition should preferably come out]
Soft links saved in /etc/grub.conf
1, grub.conf file analysis
default # default start system
timeout # default wait time in seconds s
splashimage # define GRUB boot background image
# (Hd0,0) # specify where the boot partition / -> the first hard disk, first partition
hiddenmenu # Hide menu
title CentOS (2.6.32-358.el6.i686) # menu item name, its contents can be modified
root (hd0,0) # defines the GRUB kernel root device that is where the partition, the / boot directory, on behalf of all partitions on the boot device resides
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.i686 ro root = UU ... # define the location of the kernel Note: / here does not mean that is the root partition, but rather that the / boot directory
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-358.el6.i686.img # load the image file, for more information, refer to < CentOS 6.X boot process> this blog
Single-user mode applications
Case: forget the root password, abnormal power failure
1. When the system starts, press the Esc key to enter the GRUB menu
GRUB function keys:
e: Edit the current boot menu items // edit
c: to enter the GRUB command line // command
b: Start the current boot menu items //
d: delete the current line // delete
Esc: return to the GRUB boot menu interface, cancel any modifications made to the current single
2. Click the kernel line and press e to edit the start level, starting with the corresponding end of the line run level, such as: 1 or s, Enter, b to enter single-user mode
passwd root # to change the root password
# Can also be used for other settings, such as abnormal after power failure, the file system repair.
Setting GRUB password
Step 1: Set the ciphertext, the cipher text and copy
Method 1. Use the built-in GRUB grub-md5-crypt command
Method 2. Use md5crypt command in the GRUB interactive command-line interface
Step two: modify the configuration file /boot/grub/grub.conf
Added: password --md5 $ 1 $ EszU60 $ Mc2BwxeWUH / 8q3iqbRknz0 # - md5 representation is md5 encrypted
After the restart
OK, we're done!
GRUB repair
Case: When the boot into the grub menu interface but no, only a grub> prompt
Solution:
grub> cat /grub/grub.conf # Found an error
Manual boot Linux system:
grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-14 ro root = LABEL = / 3 # If you knock on the wrong this time, please pay attention to the message
grub> initrd /initrd-2.6.18-14.img
grub> boot # At this point you can use the Tab command completion
Linux ultimate recovery mode
Case: / etc / inittab file is damaged or missing, or other serious harm, cause the system to not start
Repair process
1. Place the installation disk into the drive, restart the system, F2 to enter the BIOS, the BIOS, the system is set to CD-ROM guide.
2.boot prompt, enter:
linux rescue
3. Enter into repair mode.
Follow the prompts to enter the system after:
4. Type chroot / mnt / sysimage # change the root partition
5, and then in front of the message, you can repair
6, the repair is completed, exit, reboot, done!
note:
Linux no matter how serious the damage, you can enter the CD Linux repair repair environment, like important files are deleted, root with GRUB password forgot all about it, almost all errors; this time, although you are running Linux on the disc, but can the data on existing systems to be modified. |
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