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Operating system environments: Ubuntu 15.10
0. demand reasons
I want to set up a Linux Apache to run CGI programs, to facilitate future deployment of Python Web applications with Apache, but encountered a variety of problems, the Internet to find answers or are too old (4/5 years ago with now It has been a lot worse), or it does not complete, so summarize here, as the latest version of it.
1.Apache installation
The source code is compiled and installed using the form. First to note is that to successfully install Apache, in turn requires installing the following software (libraries) are considered successful installation of Apache:
(1) apr installation
Download: http: //apr.apache.org/
Note that on this site there are two respective software download, one apr, the other is to be installed below the apr-util, because the English name looks too confusing, so be sure to look at what is downloaded. I downloaded here: apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
Step one: Unpack
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads $ tar xvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
......
apr-1.5.2 / mmap / win32 /
apr-1.5.2 / mmap / win32 / mmap.c
apr-1.5.2 / apr-config.in
Step 2: Run configure to detect and set the compiler options
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-1.5.2$ ./configure
......
config.status: creating include / arch / unix / apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: can not remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
Under normal circumstances, there is no problem, if there is a problem, you can find yourself, this a good solution.
The third step: to compile and install
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-1.5.2$ make
......
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-1.5.2$ sudo make install
......
OK, so, apr installation is complete.
(2) apr-util Installation
Download is the same as with the above, here I downloaded version is: apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
apr-util step of the installation with the above almost, but there is a step to note is that when executing ./configure command apr need to specify the installation directory:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-util-1.5.4$ ./configure
......
checking whether gcc accepts -g ... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89 ... none needed
Applying apr-util hints file rules for x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for APR ... no
configure: error:. APR could not be located Please use the --with-apr option.
# Note the above given tips
First find apr installation directory:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-util-1.5.4$ whereis apr
apr: / usr / local / apr
Then add the appropriate parameters to perform the apr-util ./configure command:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-util-1.5.4$ ./configure --with-apr = / usr / local / apr
......
config.status: creating test / Makefile
config.status: creating include / private / apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
In this case precompiled even completed, then perform the following make and sudo make install:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-util-1.5.4$ make
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /apr-util-1.5.4$ sudo make install
OK, so, apr-util installation is done.
(3) pcre installed
This is not necessary, provided that you have the original system installed in its library, if it is not already installed, when you compile Apache will appear the following error message:
configure: error:. pcre-config for libpcre not found PCRE is required and from available http://pcre.org/
So if you have such a situation occurs, please download and install pcre.
Download: http: //sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/
I downloaded version is here: pcre-8.38.tar.gz
With the installation steps as above, but there will not be any problems, given directly to Step Well:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads $ tar zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /pcre-8.38$ ./configure
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /pcre-8.38$ make
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /pcre-8.38$ sudo make install
pcre also after installation, the following can actually install the Apache.
(4) Apache installation
After the above three software installation is complete, which began following the installation Apache.
Download: http: //httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
I downloaded version is: httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
a. Installation
Just completed the above steps, it is easier to install apache, in turn execute the following command on it.
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads $ tar zxvf httpd-2.4.18.tar.gz
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /httpd-2.4.18$ ./configure --enable-module = shared
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /httpd-2.4.18$ make
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ / Downloads /httpd-2.4.18$ sudo make install
b. Parameter Description
Note that if you do not specify apache installation directory when executing ./configure, default is installed in / usr / local / apache2, you can view its installation directory in the following way:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ $ whereis apache2
apache2: / usr / local / apache2
In addition, in the implementation of the above adds ./configure -enable-module = shared parameters, namely through the module is compiled into a dynamic shared object, allows the dynamic loading when Apache starts, so that later need to load a new module, just in the configuration file settings. Of course, for such convenience and performance is worth the loss of certain individual measure. So you do not add this parameter is no problem.
c. can not start solution
After installation is complete, you can start, because the compiler is used in the installation, it is necessary to start with the following way:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ $ sudo / usr / local / apache2 / bin / apachectl start
/ Usr / local / apache2 / bin / httpd: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: can not open shared object file: No such file or directory
But you will find another error, and it is reported error: Unable to Canadian dollars libpcre.so.1 library functions.
libpcre.so.1, very familiar names, front not already installed? Indeed installed, but Apache does not find it just, look:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ $ ldd / usr / local / apache2 / bin / httpd
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffdf9fe6000)
libpcre.so.1 => not found
libaprutil-1.so.0 => /usr/local/apr/lib/libaprutil-1.so.0 (0x00007f8192a47000)
libapr-1.so.0 => /usr/local/apr/lib/libapr-1.so.0 (0x00007f8192813000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f81925f5000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f819222b000)
libexpat.so.0 => /usr/local/apr/lib/libexpat.so.0 (0x00007f8192002000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007f8191dca000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f8191bc6000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005637a587b000)
Then we pcre library functions corresponding to the software linked to the / lib directory on it:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ $ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 / lib
Here then start to try:
xpleaf @ leaf: ~ $ sudo / usr / local / apache2 / bin / apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message.
OK, next time you open the browser, the classic "It works" show out:
wKiom1at1VTBgtMmAABATmQh2Tw856.png
In this case, Apache installation can be considered complete, Here to talk about CGI configuration.
2.CGI Configuration
Apache supports CGI configuration, the following described in detail the configuration process.
Find the Apache installation directory / usr / local / apache2 / conf, httpd.conf configuration file and make changes, such as the following description:
(1) loading cgi module
Probably in httpd.conf 137 line:
#LoadModule Cgid_module modules / mod_cgid.so
Uncomment:
LoadModule cgid_module modules / mod_cgid.so
(2) set the cgi script file path
Probably in httpd.conf 329 line:
ScriptAlias / cgi-bin / "/ usr / local / apache2 / cgi-bin /"
Apache can see the "/ usr / local / apache2 / cgi-bin /" is mapped to / cgi-bin /, that is, when you access / cgi-bin / directory via the browser, in fact, is to visit the "/ usr / local / apache2 / cgi-bin / "directory, for convenience, I set it as follows:
ScriptAlias / cgi-bin / / home / xpleaf / Source_Code / cgi_for_py /
Note that this path must be added at the end of / apache is otherwise unable to hit the file path under.
Access (3) set the path cgi
Probably httpd.conf195 line:
AllowOverride none
Require all denied
The entire contents of the above modifications to the following:
AllowOverride None
Options + ExecCGI
Order allow, deny
Allow from all
Note that the directory is changed to the front of our reform: / home / xpleaf / Source_Code / cgi_for_py /
Such modifications are for a reason, if not set permissions here, when you visit your cgi script files in your browser, you may get a prompt like this:
Forbidden
You do not have permission to access /cgi-bin/hello.py on this server.
(4) set apache explain the python cgi script files
Probably in httpd.conf 386 line:
#AddHandler Cgi-script .cgi
Remove comment, change it to:
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .py
Plus .py, you can explain python script file, if you need to explain shell script file, you can add .pl, other similar.
OK, after you complete step 4 above, CGI configuration is complete. However, after the configuration is complete, we need to restart the Apache service:
xpleaf @ leaf: / usr / local / apache2 / conf $ sudo / usr / local / apache2 / bin / apachectl restart
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message.
3. Add the CGI script file
(1) Create a cgi script file
Add the following to a file in / home / xpleaf / Source_Code / cgi_for_py / directory and named hello.py:
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